PERSONALITY PROFILE - BIG 5 (OCEAN) - GLOBAL BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD - LOCUS OF CONTROL SCALE
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In personality psychology, locus of control is the degree to which people believe that they have control over the outcome of events in their lives, as opposed to external forces beyond their control. Understanding of the concept was developed by Julian B. Rotter in 1954, and has since become an aspect of personality studies. A person’s “loci” are conceptualized as internal (a belief that one’s life can be controlled) or external (a belief that life is controlled by outside factors which they cannot influence, or that chance or fate controls their lives).
The Belief in a Just world scale measures individuals’ tendency to believe society is fair and just and that in general, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get in life. People who work hard and do good things are usually rewarded and people who do bad things are usually punished.
The big five personality traits are the best accepted and most commonly used model of personality in academic psychology.
The scores you see are all percentiles. They are comparing one person to a broader population. For example, a 90% on Extraversion does not mean that the person is 90% extroverted. It means that for that single trait, the person is more extroverted than 90% of the people in the population.
Our sample population consists of 500,000 adults in the USA.
Resist reading ‘good’ or ‘bad’ into any of the scores or statements. Whether a person’s behaviour can be described as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ will depend on the situation. What may be described as an asset – say, strong assertiveness for example – in one situation may prove to be a liability in another situation.
Even though our tendency to act in consistent patterns is strong we do not always respond the same way to all situations. Therefore, you may want to visualise yourself in several different situations that you normally face in your life. This might help to clarify any descriptions in this report.
Locus of Control Scale & Belief in a Just World
Locus of Control
The personality measure, Locus of Control, measures how people view causality in the world, or what causes events and outcomes to happen. External Locus of Control - People higher in External Locus of Control tend to think that events in the world are caused by outside forces such as other people, a God or higher power, fate, or chance. People with a higher External Locus of Control are generally more sensitive to external sources of influence like family and friends, and they are more likely to accept external control as having a significant influence on their lives. An External Locus of Control can motivate people to be sensitive to their external environments and experience a sense of control by adapting to influences in the environment. Higher External Locus of Control is more common among people born and living in collectivistic cultures, or societies that focus on interdependence, group cohesion, and harmony with the environment. Countries with primarily collectivistic cultures include many Asian, African, and Latin American countries. Mixed Locus of Control includes both Internal and External perspective. People higher in Internal Locus of Control tend to think that events in the world are under our individual control and are not typically caused by outside forces. People higher in External Locus of Control tend to think that events in the world are caused by outside forces such as other people, a God or higher power, fate, or chance. A mixed score indicates you likely believe in both sources of control, that somethings are personally controllable and other things depend on influences from other people or the environment. An Internal Locus of Control can motivate people to satisfy their need to feel competent by engaging in behaviors to reach their goals. An External Locus of Control can motivate people to be sensitive to their external environments and experience a sense of control by adapting to influences in the environment. Internal Locus of Control - People higher in Internal Locus of Control tend to think that events in the world are under our individual control and are not typically caused by outside forces such as other people, a God or higher power, fate, or chance. People with a higher Internal Locus of Control tend to believe in their ability to influence their life outcomes, and have a stronger sense of personal control and self-sufficiency. An Internal Locus of Control can motivate people to satisfy their need to feel competent by engaging in behaviors to reach their goals. Higher Internal Locus of Control is more common among people born and living in individualistic cultures, or societies that focus on independence, self-reliance, individual goals, and achievement. Countries with primarily individualistic cultures include the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia.
Global Belief in a Just World
He Belief in a Just world scale measures individuals’ tendency to believe society is fair and just and that in general, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get in life. People who work hard and do good things are usually rewarded and people who do bad things are usually punished. High scorers (above 4.12) - Believing in a just world helps people view society as stable, orderly, and predictable. Believing in a just world can help people cope with hardships and strive to achieve long-term goals. Some research indicates people who score higher on the Belief in a Just World scale are quicker to recover after experiencing an unfair event in their lives. People higher in Belief in a Just World tend to score lower in Neuroticism (emotional instability) and score higher in Extraversion (outgoing) and Agreeableness (helpful). Mid-Range Scorers (Between 2.82 and 4.12) may have mixed views on these statements about a just and fair society. A mid-range score suggests a person may believe some aspects of society are fair and just, but also may recognize that social inequalities exist in societies and people experiencing hardships are not always to blame. For example, economic inequality may be due to fewer educational opportunities or unemployment due to economic recession. Believing in a just world helps people view society as stable, orderly, and predictable. A mid-range score suggests a person might have moderate attitudes toward social justice, or beliefs and judgments about an equal society—a state of society where all groups have full and equal participation, resources are equitably distributed, and everyone is physically and psychologically safe. Low Scores (under 2.82) suggest a person does not fully agree with these statements about a just and fair society. A low score score suggests a person realizes that social inequalities exist in societies and people experiencing hardships are not always to blame. For example, economic inequality may be due to fewer educational opportunities or unemployment due to economic recession. People who score lower on a Belief in a Just World tend to support social justice, or equality for everyone in society regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or membership in other stereotyped groups. Social justice attitudes are beliefs and judgments about an equal society—a state of society where all groups have full and equal participation, resources are equitably distributed, and everyone is physically and psychologically safe.
LOCUS OF CONTROL SCALE & BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD
Openness to Experience
Openness to Experience describes an individual's pro-active seeking and appreciation of experience for its own sake. High scorers are imaginative and open-minded. They like to work in a challenging, changing environment. Low scorers like routine and prefer to be conventional. Openness is often perceived as healthier or more mature. However, both open and closed styles of thinking are useful in different environments. The intellectual style of the open person may serve a teacher or strategist well. However, research has shown that closed thinking is related to superior job performance in investigative work, sales and a number of service occupations.
Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness describes how organised, motivated and thorough an individual is in life and in pursuing goals. High scorers are methodical, self-motivated and well organised. Low scorers are easy going, less focused and less inclined to make plans. The benefits of high conscientiousness are obvious. Conscientious individuals avoid trouble and achieve high levels of success through purposeful planning and persistence. They are also positively regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics. Furthermore, extremely conscientious individuals might be regarded as stuffy and boring. People lacking in conscientiousness may be criticised for their unreliability, lack of ambition and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience many short-lived pleasures and they will never be called stuffy.
Extraversion
Extraversion describes how energetic and enthusiastic a person is when dealing with people. It describes an individual's preference for quantity and intensity of interpersonal relationships. High scorers are outgoing and actively look for the company of people. The higher the score the more likely this description will apply. Low scorers tend to be serious and reserved preferring not to be with a large number of people.
Agreeableness
Agreeableness describes a person's attitudes towards other people. High scorers are compassionate, frank and co-operative. Agreeable people have an optimistic view of human nature. They believe people are basically honest, decent and trustworthy. Low scorers are emotionally tough and generally unconcerned about other people. They are independent, self-reliant and competitive. Sometimes their scepticism about others' motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly and un-cooperative. Agreeableness is obviously advantageous for attaining and maintaining popularity. Agreeable people are better liked than disagreeable people. On the other hand, agreeableness is not useful in situations that require tough or absolute objective decisions. Low scorers can make excellent scientists, critics, or members of the armed forces.
Natural Reactions
Natural Reactions measures the different ways people have of reacting emotionally to the pressures and stresses of everyday life. Individuals who score low in Natural Reactions are emotionally resilient and are not easily upset. They tend to be calm, relaxed and rarely experience negative feelings. They cope well under pressure. People who score in the high ranges have strong, overly-sensitive and emotional natural reactions. They respond emotionally to events that do not affect a lot of people and their reactions tend to be more intense. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening and minor frustrations as 'big problems'. These strong 'natural reactions' can diminish a person's ability to think clearly, make decisions and cope effectively with stress.
The Big Five Personality Traits and Facets
Each of the Five Factors has 6 facets. It is quite common for facet scores to be in ranges similar to - or close to - the Factor score. However, on occasions there can be differences. In such cases we recommend that you pay more attention to the facet scores than to the broad factor scores.
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Openness to Experience: 51.39
- Imagination: 46.20
- Artistic Interests: 57.56
- Depth of Emotions: 50.46
- Willingness to Experiment: 51.76
- Intellectual Curiosity: 51.38
- Tolerance for Diversity: 50.98
Conscientiousness: 60.94
- Sense of Competence: 61.68
- Orderliness: 63.65
- Sense of Responsibility: 58.07
- Achievement Striving: 60.40
- Self-Discipline: 64.11
- Deliberateness: 57.73
Extraversion: 59.67
- Warmth: 59.89
- Gregariousness: 62.22
- Assertiveness: 60.95
- Activity Level: 67.05
- Excitement-Seeking: 47.01
- Positive Emotions: 60.89
Agreeableness: 53.82
- Trust in others: 58.50
- Sincerity: 59.01
- Altruism: 54.25
- Compliance: 49.46
- Modesty: 42.44
- Sympathy: 59.29
Natural Reactions: 39.25
- Anxiety: 34.97
- Angry Hostility: 34.46
- Moodiness / Contentment: 38.65
- Self-Consciousness: 50.74
- Self-Indulgence: 39.80
- Sensitivity to Stress: 36.85
Openness to Experience
To imaginative individuals the real world is often too plain and ordinary. High scorers for this facet use fantasy, not as an escape, but as a way of creating for themselves, a more richer and interesting inner-world. Low scorers are more likely to relate to facts than to fantasise. They are more 'matter-of-fact' and prefer to keep their minds on the task at hand.
High scorers in this area love beauty, both in art and in nature. They become easily involved and absorbed in artistic and natural events. They are not necessarily artistically trained nor talented, although many will be. The defining features of this facet are interest in and appreciation of natural and artificial beauty. Low scorers lack aesthetic sensitivity and interest in the arts.
People who score high for this facet have good access to and awareness of their own feelings. Low scorers are less aware of their feelings and tend not to express their emotions openly.
High scorers are eager to try new activities, travel to foreign lands and experience different things. They find familiarity and routine boring. Low scorers tend to feel uncomfortable with change and prefer familiar routines.
High scorers for Intellectual Curiosity love to play with ideas. They are open-minded to new and unusual ideas and like to debate intellectual issues. They enjoy intellectual problems, puzzles and brain teasers. Low scorers prefer dealing with either people or things rather than ideas. They regard intellectual exercises as a waste of time. Intellectual Curiosity should not be equated with intelligence. Intellectual Curiosity is an intellectual style, not an intellectual ability. However, high scorers on Intellectual Curiosity do tend to score slightly higher than low scorers on standardised intelligence tests.
Tolerance for Diversity refers to a readiness to challenge authority, convention and traditional values. In its most extreme form, it can even represent outright hostility toward rules, sympathy for law-breakers and a love of ambiguity, chaos and disorder. People who score low in this area tend to accept authority and prefer the security and stability brought by conformity to tradition. They are generally conservative in their outlook to life.
Conscientiousness
Sense of Competence describes confidence in one's ability to accomplish things. High scorers believe they have the intelligence (common sense), drive and self-control necessary for achieving success. They have a high level of self-esteem and tend to feel well prepared to deal with life. Low scorers feel less effective and may have a sense that they are not in control of their lives.
People with high scores in this area are well-organised, tidy and neat. They like to live according to routines and schedules. They keep lists and make plans. Low scorers tend to be disorganised, untidy and less methodical.
This facet of personality reflects the strength of a person's sense of duty and obligation. Those who score high have a strong sense of moral obligation. They tend to be ethical and highly principled. Low scorers find contracts, rules and regulations overly confining. They are more casual in their approach to life and may be somewhat unreliable or even irresponsible.
Individuals who score high in this area strive hard to achieve excellence. Their drive to be recognised as successful keeps them on track as they work hard to achieve their goals. They have high aspiration levels and a strong sense of direction in life. However, extremely high scorers may be too single-minded and obsessed with their work - they may become workaholics. Low scorers do not have a high drive to succeed, they tend to be content to get by with a minimal amount of effort and work. Although they may lack the need to succeed, they are often perfectly happy with their level of achievement.
Self-discipline, called 'will-power' by many people, refers to the ability to persist at difficult or unpleasant tasks until they are completed. People who possess high self-discipline are able to overcome reluctance to begin tasks and stay on track despite distractions. They have a high degree of self-motivation to get the job done. Those with low self-discipline procrastinate, are easily discouraged and show relatively poor follow-through. They frequently fail to complete tasks - even tasks that they really want to complete.
Deliberateness describes the disposition to think carefully through possibilities before acting. High scorers for Deliberateness are cautious and take their time when making decisions. Low scorers often say or do the first thing that comes to mind without considering alternatives and the probable consequences of those alternatives.
Conscientiousness
Sense of Competence describes confidence in one's ability to accomplish things. High scorers believe they have the intelligence (common sense), drive and self-control necessary for achieving success. They have a high level of self-esteem and tend to feel well prepared to deal with life. Low scorers feel less effective and may have a sense that they are not in control of their lives.
People with high scores in this area are well-organised, tidy and neat. They like to live according to routines and schedules. They keep lists and make plans. Low scorers tend to be disorganised, untidy and less methodical.
This facet of personality reflects the strength of a person's sense of duty and obligation. Those who score high have a strong sense of moral obligation. They tend to be ethical and highly principled. Low scorers find contracts, rules and regulations overly confining. They are more casual in their approach to life and may be somewhat unreliable or even irresponsible.
Individuals who score high in this area strive hard to achieve excellence. Their drive to be recognised as successful keeps them on track as they work hard to achieve their goals. They have high aspiration levels and a strong sense of direction in life. However, extremely high scorers may be too single-minded and obsessed with their work - they may become workaholics. Low scorers do not have a high drive to succeed, they tend to be content to get by with a minimal amount of effort and work. Although they may lack the need to succeed, they are often perfectly happy with their level of achievement.
Self-discipline, called 'will-power' by many people, refers to the ability to persist at difficult or unpleasant tasks until they are completed. People who possess high self-discipline are able to overcome reluctance to begin tasks and stay on track despite distractions. They have a high degree of self-motivation to get the job done. Those with low self-discipline procrastinate, are easily discouraged and show relatively poor follow-through. They frequently fail to complete tasks - even tasks that they really want to complete.
Deliberateness describes the disposition to think carefully through possibilities before acting. High scorers for Deliberateness are cautious and take their time when making decisions. Low scorers often say or do the first thing that comes to mind without considering alternatives and the probable consequences of those alternatives.
Openness to Experience
To imaginative individuals the real world is often too plain and ordinary. High scorers for this facet use fantasy, not as an escape, but as a way of creating for themselves, a more richer and interesting inner-world. Low scorers are more likely to relate to facts than to fantasise. They are more 'matter-of-fact' and prefer to keep their minds on the task at hand.
High scorers in this area love beauty, both in art and in nature. They become easily involved and absorbed in artistic and natural events. They are not necessarily artistically trained nor talented, although many will be. The defining features of this facet are interest in and appreciation of natural and artificial beauty. Low scorers lack aesthetic sensitivity and interest in the arts.
People who score high for this facet have good access to and awareness of their own feelings. Low scorers are less aware of their feelings and tend not to express their emotions openly.
High scorers are eager to try new activities, travel to foreign lands and experience different things. They find familiarity and routine boring. Low scorers tend to feel uncomfortable with change and prefer familiar routines.
High scorers for Intellectual Curiosity love to play with ideas. They are open-minded to new and unusual ideas and like to debate intellectual issues. They enjoy intellectual problems, puzzles and brain teasers. Low scorers prefer dealing with either people or things rather than ideas. They regard intellectual exercises as a waste of time. Intellectual Curiosity should not be equated with intelligence. Intellectual Curiosity is an intellectual style, not an intellectual ability. However, high scorers on Intellectual Curiosity do tend to score slightly higher than low scorers on standardised intelligence tests.
Tolerance for Diversity refers to a readiness to challenge authority, convention and traditional values. In its most extreme form, it can even represent outright hostility toward rules, sympathy for law-breakers and a love of ambiguity, chaos and disorder. People who score low in this area tend to accept authority and prefer the security and stability brought by conformity to tradition. They are generally conservative in their outlook to life.
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